Which slide is the best choice? Which region of a plant is most likely to contribute to an increase in its length? You are measuring the effect of a new fertilizer on the growth of lawns. Which of the following tissues should be the target of the fertilizer? A branch of celery is soaked in a glass of water containing food dye. Soon, the tough fibers in celery branch are colored. What tissue do the tough fibers contain?
A plant biologist is examining sections of plant tissue under the microscope. The slides are not labeled and the biologist is interested in simple tissues. Which of the following slides is a sample of a simple tissue? Students are asked to sort tissue slides into simple and complex tissues. How should they recognize a complex tissue through the microscope? Students are sketching diagrams of the reproductive system of angiosperms for a plant anatomy class.
Which diagram represents the reproductive system correctly? Plant scientists are interested in isolating meristematic tissue for an experiment. They sample several regions of a plant. Which sample is most likely to contain meristematic tissue? A student examines a plant part and concludes that it is part of a stem. A student reported vascular tissue while inspecting a cross-section of a plant stem under the microscope. Which cells would allow the student to identify vascular tissue?
While using a microscope to observe a stem section stained with a dye that binds lignin, a student notices that some cells with thick cell walls and large hollow centers are preferentially stained. Scientists are cataloguing slides of plant cross-sections. They are interested in finding examples of secondary growth. Which example contributes to secondary growth? Where is the vascular cambium located in an established woody plant?
Dendrochronology is the science of dating the age of a tree by counting the annual rings in a tree trunk. If scientists are determining the age of a tree by dendrochronology, what tissue are they looking at? While examining the stump of a recently cut tree, you count four thick rings alternating with four rings that are much narrower and appear denser.
Many forms of modified organs exist in plants. What is a rhizome? Modified organs are part of survival strategies of plants. Which of these plants has a flattened, photosynthetic stem that could be mistaken for a leaf?
Analyzing cross-sections of different parts of a plant in a plant anatomy class, students categorized the most frequently encountered types of cells in plant tissues. Which student gave the most accurate report? A carrot is an example of a tap root. In non-woody plants, the dermal tissue is a layer of tightly packed cells called the epidermis. The cuticle, a waxy epidermal coating, is present on leaves and stems that prevent water loss. The epidermis has unique functions in different plant organs.
For example, roots, water, and minerals absorbed from the soil enter through the epidermis. Vascular tissue, in contrast, is an example of complex tissue that enables the transport of water and minerals through the plant.
The vascular system is composed of two specialized conducting vessels: xylem and phloem. Xylem conducts water and minerals from the roots to different parts of the plant, and itself consists of three types of cells: xylem vessel, tracheids both of which hold water , and xylem parenchyma.
Phloem conducts organic compounds from the site of photosynthesis to different parts of the plant. It includes four different types of cells: sieve cells which conduct photosynthesis , phloem parenchyma, companion cells, and phloem fibers. In the stem, the xylem and phloem together form a structure called a vascular bundle.
In roots, this is called the vascular cylinder or vascular stele. Plant anatomy divides the organism into four primary organs - root, stem, leaf, and flower. These can subsequently be divided into three tissue types.
For example, leaves consist of three different tissues -dermal, vascular, and ground tissues. Further, these tissues are each composed of up to three cell types-parenchyma, sclerenchyma, or collenchyma. Parenchyma cells are living, metabolically active, and usually bounded by a thin and flexible primary cell wall.
In general, parenchyma cells account for 90 percent of the cells found in herbaceous seed plants. These often occur in the cortex or pith of stems or roots, and the fleshy tissue of many fruits.
Most parenchyma cells retain the ability to divide, making them essential in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Moreover, parenchyma cells perform specialized functions in plants such as photosynthesis, storage, or transport, and aid the vascular tissue by forming a route to exchange nutrients within or between xylem and phloem.
Collenchyma cells are also living, and are elongated in structure, consisting of an irregular thick cell wall that provides support and structure to the plant. These are the least common cell type and have cell walls composed of cellulose and pectin. The epidermal tissue of young stem and leaf veins consists of collenchyma cells.
There are three general classifications of collenchyma cells, depending on location and pattern of cell wall thickenings - angular, annular, lamellar, and lacunar. Sclerenchyma cells form protective or supportive tissue in higher plants. At maturity, these cells have limited physiological activity and are usually dead. Sclerenchyma cells have a cell wall with a thickened secondary layer made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
The orientation of the cellulose provides a diverse combination of strength, flexibility, and stiffness in plant organs subjected to different compressive and tensile forces. Sclerenchyma occurs in three different forms - fibers, sclereids, and water-conducting sclerenchyma. To learn more about our GDPR policies click here. If you want more info regarding data storage, please contact gdpr jove.
Your access has now expired. Provide feedback to your librarian. Phloem tissue, which transports organic compounds from the site of photosynthesis to other parts of the plant, consists of four different cell types: sieve cells which conduct photosynthates , companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibers. Unlike xylem conducting cells, phloem conducting cells are alive at maturity. The xylem and phloem always lie adjacent to each other Figure In stems, the xylem and the phloem form a structure called a vascular bundle ; in roots, this is termed the vascular stele or vascular cylinder.
As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book is Creative Commons Attribution License 4. Skip to Content Go to accessibility page. Biology 2e My highlights. Table of contents. The Chemistry of Life. The Cell. Evolutionary Processes. D the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium.
E the summer wood, bark, and phloem. A vascular cambium B apical meristem C endodermis D phloem E xylem. Which flower part s will develop in this plant?
A sepals B petals C stamens D carpels E both sepals and petals. From this information, what can be inferred? A The differently colored plants will attract different pollinating insects. B The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues. C The colored regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals. D The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals.
E More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis. B undergo dedifferentiation. C increase the number of chromosomes in their nuclei. D enzymatically digest their primary cell walls. E establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm. B cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo. C the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo. D the primary root breaks through the seed coat. E the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates.
In plants, this means that A plant development is not under genetic control. B the cells of shoots and the cells of roots have different genes.
C cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression. D a cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation. E sexual reproduction is not necessary in plants. A A preprophase band determines where a cell plate will form in a dividing cell.
B The way in which a plant cell differentiates is determined by the cell's position in the developing plant body. C Homeotic genes often control morphogenesis. D Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off. A They are parenchyma cells. B They are photosynthetic.
C They are usually found in roots. D They are phloem cells. E They are parenchyma cells and photosynthetic. The following question are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown in Figure Figure B II only. C III only. D IV only. E both I and III. The nail is about 1. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?
The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. B xylem. C cork cambium. D cortex. E companion and sieve-tube members.
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